Drill.



` H. R.' HUGHES.

DRILL.' V APPLICATION FILED NOV.20, 1908. K

Patented Aug. 1o, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

HLR. HUGHES.

DRILL. APPLIOATIONPILBDNOVJOLQQB.

930,759. j m PaenneaAuI ,1909.

2 SHE HEBT 2.

Wzzww: 1 xm JHM/im "l i. a @M MM' HOWARD it. Huertas, orHoUsroN, TEXAS.

DRILL. f v

spcification of Letters Patent.

No. 930,759y

Patented Aug. 10, 1909.

Animation aieanovember 2o, 190s; serial No. 463,643.

To all who-m it may concem;V

Ile it known thatI, Il owaao R. HUGHES, a citizen of the United States,`residingv at Houston, Texas, have invented aV certain neviT and useful Improvement in Drills, of which and F ig. at is a vertical sectional view` taken v on the line -jt-t of Fig. 2.

This invention relates to boring drills, and particularly vto roller drills such as areused for boringiholes in earth, rocl ,"concrete and other hard substances.

One object of my'invention is to provide a drill of the typeV referred to which is compact and strongandcomposed ofionly a few large parts, thus enabling the drill "to be built so that vit Will drillcompara-tivelv small holes, such, for example, as fourrin'ch holes. Another object is to provldea rollerfdrlll having' meansV for keeping-the rollers ori cutting members thoroughly lubricated,

Other objects and'desirable featuresof my invention willbe hereinafter pointed out.

Referring to the drawindsvvhich illustrate the preferred form of my invention, 1 designates two members that coperate with each other to form the head of the l drill, said members being connected together by any suitable means, such, for example, ras` an internally screw-threaded sleeve 2 that surrounds a reduced screw-threaded portion on said members. The sleeve 2 is provided with a screw-threaded bore for receivingV the with some suitable means for preventing said members from mov-ing laterally relatively to cach other. In the construction herein shown one ofthe members 1 is provided With one or more tongues that pro-- ject into grooves in the other member 1 but it will, of course, be obvious that the con y tacting facesvo'f the members 1 could be provided With any other suitable-means for accomplishing the same result Without departing. from the spirit of my invention.

The drillherein shown is provided With two cutting l members 4 Which preferably consist.` of vfrusto-conical-shaped rollers having longitudinally extending chisel teeth 5 t-hat'disintegrate Aor. pulverize the material with 'Which they come n` contact and thus form a round hole in said material `when the 'head of the drill revolves. These cutting membersllare arranged at anangle tov each other, as shown in Fig. 1, and are rotatably mounted on stationary spindles 6, each of which is .preferably formed integral With one of the .members 1 thatform the head of thedrill.- i The end faces 1a of the members 1 vare flat and are disposed at an angle to.

each other, as shovvn in Fig. 1, so that the end face of the head Will be ap roximately V-shaped and eac-h of the spind es 6 is disposed at approximately a right angle to the end face 1El of the member 1 to which it is connected'. The bases or inner end faces of the cutting rollers -1' bear upon the angularly'disposed end` faces 1a of the head so kthat'a substantial bearing Will be provided for eachroller to take up the end thrust to which the roller is subjected-When it is operating upon the'V materialV in Which the hole yis Vbeing formed. I also' prefer to provide the rollers With faces that bear upon the ends ofthe spindles When the drill is operating so vas to helpftake up the end thrusts.- TheV cutting-rollers 4 are arranged opposite to each other, asshown in Fig. 2, so that the YWeighty ofV the .drill will be distributed equally on said rollers and, as the spindles of saidrollers project toward each other or treadfthe longitudinal center of the head, as shovvnV in Fig. 1, it will be impossible for either roller to drop off its spindle after" the y 'members 1 have beenconnected together for screw-threaded end of ay tubular-shaped op-J eratingmember Sthat imparts rotary movement" to thehead,`rand the inner-vertically disposed faces of the membersl are provided-v the rollers fill the space between said spindles. By'rno'unting the rollers in this man- `nerI' overcome thev necessity of using fastening devices toretain the rollers in oper- Lative position and thus reduce the number of parts of the drill.

, Instead of using a spindle of uniform diameterthroughout its entire length, I prefer to form the spindles' in the manner shoivn i'nFig. 1 wherein it Will be seen that each Spindle has a comparatively large base porvide a passageway for the water.

tion and an end portion of less diameter. rl`he spindles are not reduced gradually from their bases to their outer ends but areprovided with a plurality of independent portions of different diameters so as to form a number of shoulders o that resist the end thrust of the cutting rollers, it being understood, of course, that the internal bore of each roller conforms to the shape of the spindle on which it is mounted. By forming the spindles in this manner, I not only obtain a large end thrust resisting bearing surface for each roller but I also obtain a very strong and rigid spindle which has a large cross sectional areaof metal so that the spindle will not break when the rollers are subjected to excessive strains.

In the preferred form of my invention the spindles G are so disposed that the axis of each cutting roller extends tangentially, or slightly to one side of the longitudinal axis of the head, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the chisel teeth on the rollers will have a shearing action on the material. This same result, however, could be accomplished in other ways so that l do not wish it to be understood that n broad idea is limited to this exact lconstruction nor to a construction in which the rollers have a shearing action on the material for, if desired, they could be so arranged that they have a true rolling action on the material. The outer end faces of the rollers are provided with a number of recesses or grooves 7 whose edges shear or grind down the material and the outer ends of the chisel teeth 5 on the rollers are preferablyl so shaped that they form cutting edges 5EL that shear off the material from the sides of the hole being formed. The rollers tare sodisposed that they form a hole of greater diameter than the head of the drill so as to vprovide a clearance or passageway for the pulverized or disintegrated material that is forced out of the hole by means of water that is force'd down into the hole through the tubular-shaped operating member 3 to which the roller-carrying head is connected, said head being provided with a number of longitudinally extending bores 8 as shown in Fig. Q, that communicate with the internal bore of the sleeve 2 so as to pro` I prefer to have these Ybores SV inclined inwardly toward the'longitiulinal center of the head, as shown in full `lines in Fig. -t and in dotted lines in Fig. 2, so that the water will be introduced between the two cutting` rollers l but it will, of course, be obvious that the bores 8 could be shaped to introduce the water at any desired point without departing from the spirit of my invention.

One very desirable feature of the drill herein shown is that the cutting rollers Ll are kept thoroughly lubricated. As shown in Fig. l. the head of the drill is provided with a tubular-shaped member 10 that forms a cup or chamber for a mass of compressed lubricant, one end of said chamber communieating with ducts l1 that lead to the outer surfaces of the spindles (3, and said ducts being provided with branches 12 that laid to the end faces of the spindles. Grooves 13 are formed in the internal bore of cach roller so that the lubricant in the cup 10 will be distributed to the entire surface of the spindle that projects into said bore, thus keeping the rollers thoroughly lubricated. grooves 13 preferably extend spirally around the internal bores of the rollers and also on the inner end faces of the rollers so as to distribute thc lubricant to the surface on which the inner ends of the rollers bear, the lubricant escaping from the grooves on the inner end faces of the rollers. The compressed lubricant which is placed in the cup 10 is forced through the ducts and grooves above referred to when the lubricant becomes heated, by means of a plunger lelmounted in the member 10, as shown in Fig. 1, and acted upon by same suitable propelling force such as a coiled expansion spring 15, said spring being retained in position by means of a. plug 16 which is screwed into the tubular-shaped member 10. The plu(r 1G is preferably provided with ay slot 17 for receiving a screw-driver so that it can be screwed into and out of the member 10, and if desired, the end face of the plunger can be. provided with a screw-threaded socket 1t, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, that is adapted to receive a screw-threaded red or tool so as to enable the plunger to be drawn out of the member 10 when said member is to be refilled with lubricant. By constructing a drill in this manner I am able to keep the bearing surfaces of the rollers thoroughly lubricated for the pressure exerted on the plunger 14 is sufficient to force the lubricant through the ducts 11 and grooves 13 continually. The tubular-shaped member 10 can be made long enough to hold a large quantity of lubricant as said member projects upwardly into the hollow operating member 3 to which the head of the drill is connected. thus providing a structure that .will contain enough lubricant to enable the drill to continue in operation for an extended period.

Vhile I have. herein stated that the lubricant is distributed to the surfaces on which the rollers bear by means of a spring-pressed plunger. I do not wish it to be understood that my broad idea is limited to such a structure for. if desired. any other suitable propelling medium than a spring could be employed. or the plug 1G and spring 15 could be removed and thus permit the pressure of the 'atei' which is forced through the oper- .ating menber I to act directly on the pliniger lftand force the lubricant through the l ducts and grooves.- When the drillis used in this manner IQcan vary the quantity'of lubricant that is'supplied to the rollers by regulating the'pressuifefof ythe waterthat is forced through the operating member'.

V`It is vpreferable to have a pluii'gerl-/l'interposed betiveen the lubricant and the Water.

that is forced doivn `through the ,hollow member 3 but it is not absolutely necessary to use a plunger forthe lubricant is so thick that the water will not penetrate through same. t

Insteadl of forming the roller spindles integral with the members 1, as shown in Fig. l, each of said spindles could consist of aseparate piece 20 securely connected in some suitable manner tothe member 1,-as shown in Fig. 3. Each of the cutting rollerscould V also'he provided with one or more removable pins 2l that project into a groove22 in the spindle 20,as shown in Fig. 3, to prevent displacement of the roller,'but such pins are not necessary as the rollers cannot drop off their spindles as previously stated. t

In the form illustrated in Fig. 3, the cup for receiving the lubricant consists of a bore ,23 that is formed in the spindle 20 anda plunger 24 andspring 25 are arranged.. in

said bore for forcing the lubricant into the '30 g rooves 26 in the cutting rollers; y

A drill of the construction above described comprises only a few parts and asfthes'e parts are all large and strong, ,the drillcan be used for drilling small holes,",such,' for example, as four inch holes. Thatis `to say, by forming the drill sothat it is composed of only a few parts, each of said partscan be made large enough. to withstand 'the strains to which itis subjected even when the drill is designed to produce a four inch hole.l lVhen the v, drill is used for boring large holes the parts of course Will befmade larger and thereforer produce a very strongk and rigid structure, but the point I Wish to emphasize is that a drill ofthe construction above described 'can be used yfor drilling small holes as the drill comprises such a. few parts that all of said parts can be made ,large and strong enoughito preventA them from breaking ,when the rollers come into contact with a. piece of very hard substance during the drilling operation. 'l f In the preferred form of my invention, as

shown inFig. 1, the drill comprises practi- "cally only tive parts; namely, the two cutting rollers 4, thetivo members l Whichcon stitiite the head of the drill, andl the sleeve 2 which locks the members 1together, IThe t spiiidles'for the rollers are formed integral Y spindles for the rollersare not exposed so.'

with saidinembers lyand saidspindles and rollers arefso arrangedthat no fastening devices arerequired to retain therollers in operative position. `y `Ifiirtherinorc, the

that a hard piece ofinaterialcannot become 4the rollers and a rigid obstruction and thus caiise'gthe rollers to break off, and as the `spindles arel completely incased by the roll ers, dirt cannot collect' on the spindles and thus cause theni'to Wear quickly.

y It will, of course, be understood that it is immaterial Whether the distributing grooves are formed on the spindles and head or on the rollers, and it is also immaterial Whether said grooves are straight or spiral. I prefer to arrange them spirally, however, as herein shown, so that they will forni practically a centrifugal pump and thus .cause the lubrieating medium toflovv `continually over the surfaces 'which are to be lubricated. The

rotary moveinent'of the head, of course,

tends to' throw the lubricating medium "on the end face of the head outwardly and thus cause it to escape but the pressure of the "water in the tubular-shaped operating member constitutes the principal means for'forcing the lubricating niediuin over the c 'ontacting surfaces of the head and rollers. This 'means for automatically lubricating the bearings of the rollers in a drill of this type and forcing the lubricating medium through the distributing grooves and ducts continually, contributes greatly to the etticiency ofthe drill, 'for if said lubricating medium Were not forced continually over the surfaces of the head against which the rollers bear the friction and Weight of t-he head on therollers would soon caise the lubricant to lose its cohesiveness. That is to say, if the lubricating medium was not forced continually over the contacting surfaces 'of the head and rollers the excessive vWeight or downward pressure that tl` c head ting surfaces the Vrollers are provided with.

`Haviiig ,1f thus described my invention, what I claim as new and vdesire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A di'ill provided withv a head having an end face whichV comprises a plurality of angularly disposed surfaces, spindles pro- `jec'ftingj from ksaid angularly disposed siii'- facestoivaifd the longitudinal center of the head,andapproximately conical-shaped cuttingy rollers mounted on said' spindles and having their. inner ciidsor bases hearing `against tlugangularly disposed surfaces on the end face of the head; substantially as described.l v

2. A drill consisting of a head having an approximately V-shaped end face, inclined spindles projecting toward each other from the sides of said end face, and a pair of approximately Ll'riisto-eonical-shaped cutting rollers loosely mounted on said spindles and eoiiperating with each other to form a round hole of greater diameter than the head when the head is rotated; substantially as described. Y

A drill provided with a head or supporting member, a pair ofangularly-disposed spindles on said head that project toward each otherand approximately frustoconical-shaped cutting rollers loosely mounted on said spindles and cooperating with each other to retain themselves in ope 'ative position on the spindles; substantially as described.

4. A drill provided with a head, spindles on said head thathave only their inner ends connected to the head, and cutting rollers of approximately frusto-conical-shape loosely mounted on said spindles, said spindles projecting toward the longitudinal center of the head in proximity to each otherl so that the cutting rollers cannot drop olf the spindles; substantially as described.

5. A drill consisting of a head having an end face in which an approximately V- shaped socket. is formed, a spindle projecting toward the longitudinal center of the head from each angularly disposed face of said socketiand disposed at approximately right angles thereto, andan approximately frustoconical-shaped cutting roller mounted on each of said spindles and bearing against the end face thereof; substantially as described.

6. A drill consisting of a head, spindles on'said head which diminish in diameter from their bases to their outer ends so as to form a plurality of shoulders, and approximately frusto-conical-shaped cutting members mounted on said spindles and having shoulders that bear against the cooperating shoulders on the spindles when the drill is in service; substantially as described.

7. A drill provided withapproximately frusto-conical-shaped cutting rollers, and spindles for said rollers which have only their inner ends connected to the head, said spin'dles having shoulders which assist the end faces of the spindles in taking up the vend thrusts to which the rollers are subjected; substantially as described.

8. A drill consisting of a head-provided with 'integral spindles that project from the head, and cutting rollers rotatably mounted on said spindles and bearing against the ends of said spindles; substantially as described.l

t). A drill comprising a head composed of a plurality of parts, a spindle projecting from each of said parts toward the longitudinal center of the head, a cutting roller of approximately frasio-eonical-shape mounted on each of said spindles and covering the outer end thereof, and means for 'securing the Vparts of the head together; substantially as described.

'10. drill consisting of a head having an end face which comprises a number of angularly disposed llat surfaces, spindles project-ing from said aneularly disposed surfaces toward the longitudinal center of the head, and cutting rollers mounted on said spindles and bearing against the angularly disposed surfaces of the head and against the outer ends of the spindles; substantially as described.

l1. A drill con'iprising a head which consists ofa pair of members having inclined end faces that cooperate with each other to produce an approximately V-shaped pocket in the end face of the head, a spindle formed integral with each of said members and projectiug from the inclined end face thereof toward the longitudinal center of the head, an approximately frusto-conical-shaped cutting member rotatably mounted on each of said spindles one of said cutting members preventing the other from moving lonffitudinally of its spindle, and means or clamping said members together; substantially as described.

12. A drill comprising a head consisting of a plurality of parts each of which is provided with an angularly-disposed end face, a sleeve surrounding said parts for clamping them together, a spindle projecting from the end face of eachv of said parts toward the longitudinal center of the head, and an approximately frusto conical shaped cuttiiw roller mounted on each of said spindles an bearing against the angularly disposed end face of the part to which the spindle is connected, said rollers covering the ends of their spindles; substantially as described.

13. A drill consisting of a head provided on its end face with spindles that project inwardly toward the longitudinal center of the head, the outer ends of said spindles having no connection with the head, and frustoconical-shaped cutting rollers mounted on said spindles and bearing against the ends thereof, the inner ends of said rollers bearing directly upon the end face of said head; substantially as described.

1l. A drill comprising a head which consists of a pair of members, a. sleeve surrounding portions of said members, means independent of the sleeve for preventing said members from moving laterally relatively to each other, said members being provided with end faces that coperate with each other to form a substantially V -shaped pocket, a spindle projecting from the end face of each member toward the longitudinal center of the head, and an approximately frustoconical- .shapedv cutting roller rotalOl ternal bores with grooves that extend longitudinally o1E the spindles, ducts for conducting the. lubricant in said cup to said grooves, and ahollow operating member connected to said head for introducing water into the hole which the drill lf'orms: substantialljas described.

2o. A drill consisting ot a head provided on its end face with spindles that project toward the longitudinal Center otI the head, cutting rollers rotatably mounted on said vspindles and having approximatettv spiral grooves formed in the surfaces thercotc that. bear upon said spindles, a cup ou said head for containing a lubricant, ducts leading from said cup to the grooves in'said rollers, aud a tubular-shaped operating member connected to said head for introducing water into the hole which the drill forms to tlush out said hole and also exert pressure ou the lubricant; substantially as described.

2T. .t drill consisting ot' a head provided with cutting rollers. a cup in said head for receiving a mass ot' compressed lubricant` 'mams for permitting the, lubri ant in said cup to tiow to the bearings of said rollers, a plunger in said cup that forces the lubricant out. ot same when it becomes heated. a screw threaded socket in :said plunger for receiving a tool so as to `enable. said plunger to be drawn outy of the cup. and a tubular-shaped operating member connected to said h ad for introducing water into the hole, which the drill lorms so as to tlush outy said hole and also exert pressure on the plunger thatJ acts on the lubricant; substantially as described.

2h. boringdrill provided willi an approximatel)v trusto-conical-shaped cutting roller having teeth thatJ shear ott the material from the side of the hole which the, drill forms: substantiall)v as described.

29. A drill consisting ot' a head having an end 'tace which comprises a pluralit)y of roller-bearing surfaces that converge toward the longitudinal center ot' thc head` and a plurality ot approximately frusto-conicalshaped cutting rollers ar lang( d with their inner ends or bases bearing against` the bearing surl'aces ou the end face ot tht` head, some ot said rollers haring teeth that operate on the side ot' the hole being formed; substantiall \v as described.

ln testimon \v whereof l hereunto atlix my signature in the presence .ot two witnesses, this seventeenth day of November NOS.

-HOWARD R. HUGUES.

ll' ituesses:

ll'icLLs L. tfnrucn, (liconoi: Uxnmricrh. 

